Nebulizer Redesign
Group of 3 : 1.5 months

Background
For the second half of ME40: Engineering Design I, we began to work on a project that involved inclusive designs. The class was divided into groups of three and each team was asked to remodel an existing product for a group of our choosing. My team and I decided to re-design a Nebulizer, which is used to liquify medicine, for users with Parkinsons Disease.
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With COVID restrictions still in place, we were unable to build a final prototype or run thorough user tests.
Design Challenge
Before begining to ideate new designs, our team had to agree on a user and their needs. Our user was Bill, a 75 year old male with mild tremors.
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I began doing research on what products existed for people with tremors, most of which incorporated a self-balancing mechanism. Because the mask used in a nebulizer must be lightweight, made of FDA approved material, and allow vapour out, self-balancing mechanisms would not work well. Additionally, the medication used was transferred via a small cup that required precision. Our team agreed on the following needs:
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System Requirements
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Accessibility: can consistently be operated by someone with mild Parkinson’s
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Durability: ability to remain functional without excess repair over design lifetime
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Efficiency: Set up in under five minutes
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Maintainability: Spend less than twenty minutes a week cleaning
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Usability: Set up with minimal reference to the owner’s manual
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Operational Requirements
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To deliver vaporized medication efficiently
Functional Requirements
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Allow for different medication amounts
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Vaporize medicine
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Maintain the same outside temperature
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Hold the same vaporizing speed
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Receive Power
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Indicate when the vaporization process is complete



Idea Development and User Testing
Idea Development:
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Since the medicine cup size is dedicated by the prescription, a funnel was created to put over the cup when the medicine is being poured into the cup.
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The increased diameter will help prevent spillage for people with tremors.
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A softer material was added around the cup to make holding it more comfortable and to make the diameter closer to the anthropometric grip measurements chosen for Bill
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A thicker extension to the band was added to make it easier to adjust the size
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Taking inspiration from the MagSafe charger, the tubing now connects via magnets (and is sealed with a rubber gasket)
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An indicator light was added to signify on/off status for an additional visual aid
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A larger power switch is easier to manipulate for someone with tremors
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The tab on the filter makes removal easier (no more unsuccessfully pinching at the foam)



User Testing:
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We made a prototype with an existing nebulizer to include our design improvements. Users then physically interacted with our redesigned product to provide feedback.
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User testing protocol is on Canvas
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We created a link to a video of one of our user tests
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Our questions were aimed at addressing the efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction of the product changes we implemented
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We conducted user testing on people outside of the class so that there was no bias or previous exposure to the product
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We realize that our users are more able than our Persona and have taken that into considerations with both our user testing and redesign
Results:
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Testers found the new hose attachment easy to use and satisfying
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The funnel made it easier to add medicine to the container
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One tester worried it might be easy to lose since it is not attached to anything
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A user spilled water on the machine, bringing up the issue of electrical safety
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Users appreciated how filters were easy for them to remove
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Prototype was very fragile so the tab didn’t last long (ideally would be made with plastic)
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User also appreciated the larger grips of all attachment parts
Future Work
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One of our testers suggested that the twist open cup could be challenging to manipulate with tremors
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Utilize a flip top to make easier to open and close
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The hole in the nebulizer where the power supply connected could be replaced with a conical hole
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This will help guide the plug into place, giving people with tremors a larger margin of error when plugging in the power cord
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One could reasonably be using this in a bathroom or near other locations with water
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Add a sticker near the plug warning of shock hazard if subject to water spills or submersion
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These changes fulfill the needs of our Persona who has physical limitation, and help to avoid hazardous incidents